The control layer ยท Versus agent payment protocols

AP2, ACP and MCP prove who. Not whether.

AP2, ACP and MCP each cover a different part of how an agent transacts. AP2 and ACP standardize how an agent proves who it is at checkout, and MCP standardizes how an agent reaches a tool at all. Each one scopes a single transaction on a single rail. None of them holds a budget across runs.

The landscape

What each protocol actually standardizes.

Three acronyms get quoted together and they solve different problems. Worth being precise, because the overlap with a control layer is smaller than it looks.
AP2
Cryptographic mandates proving a human authorized a purchase, carried with the transaction so a merchant can check it. Scopes the mandate to a purchase.
ACP
A checkout flow for agents buying from merchants, with the payment credential shared under scoped terms. Scopes the credential to a merchant and a window.
MCP
Not a payments protocol. It standardizes how an agent discovers and calls a tool, which is where a large share of agent spend actually goes.

The gap

Identity is not permission.

These protocols are real and worth adopting. What they settle is who is transacting and on what terms, one transaction at a time.

Adopting one

Run a protocol and a control layer together.

They authenticate. Kordio authorizes.

Adopting AP2 or ACP is not a decision against Kordio, and if a rail you use ships one you should take it. The protocol settles identity and terms at the moment of checkout. Kordio settles whether the spend was ever supposed to happen, and it does that before the protocol is invoked.

Kordio does not implement these protocols today. It runs in front of whatever rail you already use and returns a decision your own executor acts on, so the order is Kordio first, then the rail.

Every decision is recorded in an append-only audit trail, linked by trace id, on every tier. See what comes back

The answersigned, verify offline
{
  "decision": "requires_approval",
  "rule": "approval_threshold.freight",
  "remaining_cents": 152000,
  "cosignature": "eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9..."
}
The rail carries the transaction. The signature says who permitted it, and any standard JWT library checks it in any language.

Overlap questions

What integrators ask when both are on the roadmap.

If we adopt AP2, do we still need Kordio?+

Yes, and they do different jobs. A protocol proves the agent is who it says at checkout. Kordio decides whether that spend is inside the budget you set, then signs the answer.

Does Kordio implement AP2 or ACP today?+

No. Kordio runs in front of whatever rail you already use, and returns a decision your own executor acts on. If you adopt a protocol, Kordio still answers first.

Is MCP a payments protocol?+

No. MCP standardizes how an agent reaches a tool. It is on this page because paid tool calls are agent spend too, and most spend controls never see them.

The card networks already ship spend limits. What is different?+

Their limits scope one token on one rail. Kordio holds one budget across runs, spanning payments and tool calls together, so spend on one consumes headroom for the other.

Authorize the action the protocol will carry.

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